Error Spotting (Assorted Sentences - Errors of different types)- COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION PATTERN QUESTIONS SENTENCES

ERROR SPOTTING - Assorted Sentences --Competition Examination Questions.

In competition examinations, sentences are given with errors of different types viz. Subject -Verb combination,  use of Adjective -Adverb or Phrasal verbs etc. These errors are  to be identified or rectified. Some sentences of these types are given hereunder for practice.    

 EXERCISE  ONE

In the following sentences find out error and mark the part a,b c and d accordingly. If there is no error in the sentence mark part e.

 1.Happiness is one of the human emotions that produces  positive harmones in the body which are necessary for good health. 

(a) Happiness is one of 

(b) the human emotions that produces

 (c)  positive harmones in the body 

(d) which are necessary for good health.

 (e) No Error.

(Answer: (b) ' .....human emotions that produce...')

2. In case it rained in torrents and the playing ground was flooded with rain water, both the teams decided to stop playing and  abandon the match.

(a) In case it rained in torrents and the

(b) playing ground was flooded with rain

(c) water, both the teams decided to stop 

(d) playing and abandon the match.

(Answer:( a) As it rained....)

3. Finally he got the most deserved promotion in order that he has a good technical knowledge in his field and he performs his duty sincerely.

(a) Finally he got the most deserved 

(b) promotion in order that he has 

(c)a good technical knowledge in his 

(d)field and he performs his duty sincerely.

(Answer: (b) ..promotion because he has...)

4, After a prolonged discussion with all the members, the committee allowed the visitors park their vehicles in the parking area.

(a) After a prolonged discussion

 (b) with all the members, 

(c)the committee allowed the visitors

(d) park their vehicles in the parking area. 

(e) No Error

(Answers: (d) ' Allowed ..to park or parking)

5. The government is planning to ban construction of higher than three - storeys buldings as this city falls in the area prone to seismic disturbances.

(a) The government is planning to ban

(b) construction of higher than three - storeys 

(c)buldings as this city falls in the

(d) area prone to seismic disturbances.

(Answer: (b) three -storey)

6. The sight of the mountain with  twinkling lights on it fascinate the tourists looking at it from a hill on the opposite side.

(a) The sight of the mountain 

(b) with  twinkling lights  on it

(c) fascinate the tourists looking 

(d)at it from a hill on the opposite side.

(Answers: (c) In this sentence subject 'sight' is singular accordinhly its verb too should be singular 'fascinates'.) 

7. I endeavoured hard to search some sympathetic faces in the crowd gathered around me in the hall from whom I could get some appreciation but there was none. 

(a) I endeavoured hard to search some sympathetic 

(b) faces in the crowd gathered around me

(c) in the hall from whom I could get 

(d) some appreciation but there was none. 

(Answer: (d) 'None' relates to 'sympathetic faces'. verb required here is plural verb 'were'.)

8. Although among different mode of expression, a language is considered the most suitable one for human beings yet sometimes silence too expresses more than a language. 

(a) Although among different mode of 

(b) expression, a language is considered 

(c) the most suitable one for human beings yet 

(d) sometimes silence too expresses more than a language. 

(Answers: (a) 'different modes')

9. We should avoid driving at night because it is very risky as though professional drivers even commit mistakes while driving at night.

(a) We should avoid driving at night

(b) because it is very risky as though 

(c) professional drivers even commit

(d) mistakes while driving at night.

(Answer: (b) though is superfluous here. )

10. The show was delayed a little as the chief guest arrived late at the venue but entering to the hall was allowed half an hour prior to the scheduled time.

(a) The show was delayed a little as the

(b) chief guest arrived late at the venue

(c) but entering to the hall was allowed

(d) half an hour prior to the scheduled time.

(Answer: (c) 'enter' is z verb and 'entry ' is a noun and 'entering' a participle is also a noun. But here a real noun 'entry' is required.)

EXERCISE  TWO

Following parts a,b,c,d forming a complete sentence may contain an error in any of these. Identify and find out the error and mark the relative part accordingly.If there is no error in the sentence mark part e.

1. 

(a) The new model of this mobile phone may 

(b) likely be available in the market during the month

(c) of December this year and it will cost much

(d) higher than the cost of the present model.

(e) No Error. 

(Answer: (b)' The mobile phone....may be (or is likely to be ) available.

2. 

(a) As the little child sat down on 

(b)the ground to count his coins, a 

(c) five rupee coin slipped unnoticed from 

(d) his hand and went down the table.

(e) No Error.

(Answer : (c) 'Slipped' is a verb to describe it an adverb is required. It should be 'unnoticedly'.)

3. 

(a) Everyone member present in the meeting

(b) participated in the deliberations actively

(c) as everyone was interested to find

(d) out a favourable solution of the issue.

(e) No Error.

(Answer : (a) 'Everyone ' is a pronoun but to describe a Noun 'member' an adjective is required. It should be 'Every member..')

4.

 (a)  From the findings of the enquiry  it is

 (b)  revealed that the accused presented

 (c) a pure fabricated story 

(d) to cover his shortcomings,

(e) No Error.

( Answer : (a) 'story' is a noun , 'fabricated' its adjective and to describe it an adverb is required 'purely').

5. 

(a) She had hardly walked upto

(b) the threshold of the house 

(c) when telephone bell rang and she 

(d) had to return to attend to it.

(e) No Error.

(Answer: (a)' She had walked hardly upto........')

6. 

(a) The dinner party scheduled to 

(b) be hosted by the President on

(c) Sunday postponed to some future

(d) date due to unknown reasons. (e) No Error.

(Answer: (c) 'The meeting........was postponed......')

7. (a) The large expanse spread 

( b) all around us was studded 

(c) with colored flowers and it viewed 

 (d) decently to all of us. (e) No Error.

(Answer: (d) 'It' a pronoun, describes 'the large expanse' so to.describe it an adjective is required. Instead of ' decently' it should be 'decent'.)

8. (a) Men whom I believe 

(b) are instrumental in inspiring 

(c) people for doing good deeds 

(d) command a great respect in public. 

(e) No Error.

(Answer: (a) This sentence has three parts. 'I brlieve', ' Men ..command a great respect....' , ' whom are instrumental....' whom' qualifies 'Men' which is in subject case so instead of 'whom' its subject case 'who' is required. 

9. (a) The progress made by Indian space agencies 

(b) has not only acclaimed praise of the (c) world community but also make

 (d) it proud worldwide. (e) No Error.

(Answer: (c) In this sentence , 'the progress'

is Subject ' has' helping verb ' acclaimed' and 'make' are verb. Has covers both these verbs. With 'has' third form of verb is used. In place of ' make' It should be 'made'.)

10. (a) Should audit irregularity (b) persist, the manager (c) will make (d) necessary arrangements.

(Answer :  Here is an error of article. Before audit error there should be some article an,any or the. It can be Should any audit irregularity  persist,the manager will make necessary arrangements.)

Error Spotting (Assorted Sentences - Errors of different types)- COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS PATTERN SENTENCES

 

                                           

ERROR SPOTTING --- Assorted Sentences -- on the pattern of Competition Examination Questions.

Here follow sentences containing errors. The part of the sentence containing an error needs to be identified and marked. 

EXERCISE  ONE

1. (A) Unemployment and Inflation  are (B) the two main problems that people(C) of the country is facing today and these need (D) to be controlled immediately by the  government.(E) No Error.

2.(A) We met a group of boys and girls (B) in the market who were collecting (C) funds from people to help (D) the  recent flood victims. (E) No Error.

3.(A) The Principal told (B) the student that he would be allowed (C) to appear in the examination only(D) if he pays his fee immediately. (E) No Error

4. (A) When I reached her house, (B) she was sitting in a chair (C) and take rest (D) after hard work of the day. (E) No Error

5. (A) The government alongwith  public (B) help groups is taking strenuous steps(C) to promote alternate enrgy sources but none section of the (D) society is showing its interest. (E)

6. (A) The present chairman (B) served this institution (C)as its president (D) between 1999 and 2004. (E) No Error.

7. (A)  Hoarding of essential commodities by (B) traders  are the main cause of their (C) rising prices so the government should identify (D) these traders and take strict action against them.(E) No Error.

8. (A) Her brother is (B) the most talented (C) among all the other (D) employees in our office. (E) No Error.

9. (A)  He is the only person (B) who came to our rescue (C) and helped us when our family(D)  was faced financial difficulties.(E) No Error.

10. (A) Having examined all the witnesses, (B) the panel will take about (C) a fortnight to arrive to (D)a final decision of the case.(E) No Error.

ANSWERS:

1. C. are in place of is 2. B. was in place of were 3. D paid in place of pays. 4. C. taking 5. C. No in place of none 6. D. from 7. B is in place of are 8. C. remove other, all the employees. 9. D. was facing 10. C. to arrive at.

EXERCISE  TWO

1. Abraham Lincoln fought against human slavery as he  believed that human soul is born free but why are human beings embodying it fettered everywhere in the world.

(a) Abraham Lincoln fought against human slavery 

(b) as he  believed that human soul is born free

(c)  but why are human beings embodying it

(d)  fettered everywhere in the world.

(e) No Error.

2. It is undoubetdly proved from the results of this year that our college is the most presitigious education institution of all those in the city. 

(a) It is undoubetdly proved 

(b)from the results of this year that ours 

(c) is the most presitigious education 

(d)institution of all those in the city.

(e) No Error

3. As the hostel building is being renovated, the college authorities will not let any student to stay in the hostel this year. 

(a)As the hostel building is being 

(b)renovated, the college authorities 

(c)will not let any student 

(d)to stay in the hostel this year. 

(e) No Error

4. Malaria is spreading fast in the area, the local authorities taking precautionary steps of its prevention have warned the public from its dangerous results. 

(a) Malaria is spreading fast in the area,

 (b) the local authorities taking precautionary  

(c) steps of its prevention have warned the 

(d)public from its dangerous results. 

(e) No Error

5. The parents are in a fix these days as they do not understand how can they arrange good education for their wards. 

(a) The parents are in a fix these days 

(b)as they do not understand

 (c)how can they arrange good 

(d) education for their wards. 

(e) No Error.

6. The ministry paid scantily attention towards upliftment of the poor and marginal farmers who suffered great losses due to heavy rains during last months.

(a)The ministry paid scantily attention 

(b)towards upliftment of the poor and

 (c) marginal farmers who suffered great

 (d) losses due to heavy rains during last months.

(e) No Error

7. Hardly the violent mob started rushing towards the market, when all the  shopkeepers shut their shops and disaappeared from the scene.

(a) Hardly the violent mob started 

(b)rushing towards the market, when all 

 (c) all the shopkeepers shut their shops

(d) and disappeared from the scene.

(e) No Error

8. Last Sunday when I was busy in making purchases in the mall someone has been picked my pocket and I was deprived of my all money.

(a) Last Sunday when I was (b) busy in making my purchases 

(c) in the mall someone has been picked my pocket

(d) and I was deprived of my all money.

(e) No Error

9. One of the well accepted belief among his pupils is that he expects sincerity and dedication towards duty from all of them. 

(a) One of the well accepted 

(b) belief among his pupils

 (c)is that he expects sincerity and dedication 

(d) towards duty from all of them. 

(e) No Error

10. Happinees and mirth prevaded in the gathering there so much that every man and every woman present there were overwhelmed with joy.

(a)Happinees and mirth 

(b)prevaded in the gathering there so much

(c)that every man and every woman present

(d)there were overwhelmed with joy. 

(e) No Error

1. Among all other things, a number of surprises is in the waiting for the members of the team and they all will be over-thrilled when they come to know about them.

(a). Among all other things, a number of surprises

(b). is in the waiting for the members of the team

 (c). and they all will be over-thrilled

 (d)when they come to know about them.

(e).No error

ANSWERS

1.  d.to park

 2. c.educational  

3. d.let....allow.   

4. d. public against its  

 5. c. how they can. 

6. a. scant attention. 

7. a. Hardly had ....started

 8. c. has picked 

9. b, beliefs in place of belief

10. d. was in place of were.

COMPOUND ADJECTIVE - CONCEPT, EXPLANATION WITH EXAMPLES. & EXERCISE --- EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

 

 COMPOUND ADJECTIVE 

A word that describes or qualifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective.  Generally it comprises of one word for example: 

This is a stone wall.

In this sentence 'stone' is an adjective qualifying the noun wall.

At times an adjective is formed of two or more than two words  for example:

This is a stone-walled building.

In this sentence 'stone-walled' is an adjective formed of two words stone and walled. It  qualifies the noun building. It is a compound adjective.

 COMPOUND ADJECTIVE --COMBINATIONS

A compound adjective is formed of two words of parts of speech like noun, adjective , adverb or present and past participles.

These are as follows.

NOUN and NOUN

In this way a teacher-student relationship is established.

In this sentence 'teacher-student' is a compound adjective qualifying the noun relationship.

Both 'teacher ' and 'student' are nouns.

NOUN  and ADJECTIVE

He takes sugar-free tea.

In this sentence, 'sugar-free' is a compound adjective qualifying the noun tea. 'Sugar' is a noun and 'free' is an adjective. 

These two words may change their positions, one may precede or follow the other.

ADJECTIVE and NOUN

The guests were accorded a 

red-carpet welcome.

In this case, 'red' is an adjective followed by a noun 'carpet'. 'Red-carpet' is a compound adjective qualifying the noun welcome.

NOUN and PARTICIPLE

They served us ice-cooled water. 

In this sentence 'ice' is a noun and  'cooled' is a past partciple. 'Ice-cooled' is a compound adjective qualifying the noun water. 

ADJECTIVE  and PARTICIPLE

She is proud of her good-looking appearance.

In this sentence 'good-looking' is a compound adjective qualifying the noun appearance. It consists of 'good' an adjective and 'looking' a present participle.

ADVERB and PARTICIPLE

A well-dressed man appeared on the stage.

In this sentence 'well- dressed' is a compound adjective and man is a noun. 'Well' is an adverb and 'dressed' is a past participle.

NUMBER and NOUN

One-time exercise.

It was an one-time exercise and they executed it very well.

NUMBER and PARTICIPLE

One-layered surface.

A one-layered surface of rubber sheet was spread.

NUMBER and ADVERB

Single-handedly accomplished job.

This car is a single-handedly driven.

NOTE: Sometimes both original part of speech or a participle can be used in a sentence. 

An original noun or a noun of participle both can be used. 

For example: 

Night-patrol/patrolling is urgently required  in this area. 

In this sentence both the types of nouns are correct.

Three word Compound Adjective Examples:

Door-to-door convassing, Man-to-man relationship, Nation-to-nation collaboration, well-to-do family, heart-to-heart conversation.

Generally, as a rule, in a compound adjective a hyphen is used between two words.

-- when the compound adjective is used before a noun or a pronoun but it is not used if it is used after the noun. For example

We visited a world - famous fort in the city.

This fort is world famous.

-- Compound adjectives with numbers contain hyphen for example -

Twentieth - century building, Second rate equipments.

But when the number is used at the second place, a hyphen is not used. For example - 

Type four flat, Category general, etc.

-- A compound adjective with superlative used before a noun or pronoun contains a hyphen but one used after these does not contain a hyphen. For example-

Worst-affected, low-priced.

--When an adjective starting with an adverb does not contain a hyphen. For example -

Thickly populated, Highly guarded.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPOUND ADJECTIVE AND SINGLE ADJECTIVE

A compound adjective and a single adjective both give different meanings. For example --

A black, haired animal and  A black-haired animal. 

These two words give two different meanings. 

In first case, "black" and "haired" both words  describe the noun animal.  In the second word, black describes hair and both "black" and "haired describe the noun animal. 

First means the animal is black and haired. The second means the animal is having black hair and is black-haired.  

EXERCISES

ONE

Make the Nouns using Compound Adjectives

1.A train that moves slowly........ 

2. A person with a strong will.......

3. An app that saves time...........

4. A child who looks innocent........

5. A lady with a kind heart..........

6. A man having long hair...........

7. A child having blue eyes.........

8. A food free from fat..........

9. An effect that lasts long........

10. A person with an open mind...........

( ANSWERS)

1. A slow-moving train.

2. A strong-willed person.

3. A time-saving app.

4. An innocent-looking child.

5. A kind hearted lady.

6. A long-haired man.

7. A blue-eyed child.

8. A fat-free food.

9. A long-lasting effect.

10. An open-minded person.

TWO

Identify the part of speech of the words of following Compound Adjectives.

1. An open-heart  

2. A five-star

3. A high-spirited

4. A thought-provoking

5. A far-reaching

6. A middle-aged

7. An English-speaking

8. A last-minute

9. A world- famous

10. An old-fashioned.

(ANSWERS -- 1. Adjective, Noun 2. Number, Noun 3. Adjective, Past- participle, 4. Adjective, Present- participle 5. Adjective, Present-participle 6. Adjective, Past-participle 7. Adjective, Present-participle 8.Adjective, Noun, 9. Noun-Adjective 10. Adjective,Past-participle )

THREE

Choose the appropriate option in the following sentences.

1. (1. Scant/ 2. scantily)-clad children were sitting on the foot-path.

2. System-(1.generated/2.generating) statements do not need signatures on them.

3. Mouth-(1.watering/2.watered ) delicacies were served in the party.

4. A (1.hot/2.heated ) water - bottle is required for the patient.

5. She brought for me hand-(1.picked/2. picking) berries from the field.

FOUR

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with Compound adjectives formed with following given words.

( Well inform,  Heart break, Tight lip, Absent mind, Water log, Low lie, Hard earn, Red hand, Ever green, High guard )

1. The weapons were stored in a ............building.

2. The young man was .......... after his failure in business.

3. The audience appeared to be ............. about the issue.

4. The whole family was ........ about the incident.

5. The police caught the thief ............

6. The son wasted away his father's .......... money.

7. The gardener planted some ......... plants in the garden.

8. The .........areas of the city were filled with rain water.

9. The old man appears to be ..............

10. They pumped out water from the ........areas.

(ANSWERS 1. highly-guarded, 2. heart-broken, 3. well-informed, 4.tight-lipped, 5. red-handed, 6. hard-earned, 7. ever-green, 8. low-lying, 9. absent-minded, 10. water-logged)

 Identify Compound Adjectives in the following sentences.

FIVE

In the far-flung area of a less-known city, there lived a kind-hearted but strong-willed person. He belonged to a well-educated family. He was running his decades -old well-flourished family business in the city. He commanded a well -deserved respect among highly-dignified business men of the city. He had a long-cherished desire that his thirty-year-old convent-educated son too should join his business. He wanted whole-hearted involvement of his  well-brought up son in his  business. He had saved his hard- earned money to invest in the business for him. He also purchased a three-storeyed fully-furnished house for him.His son was not so business minded. He after his studies wanted to do a white-collar job in some well -reputed, multi-national company. He was fond of living an easy- going life. He wanted to enjoy all comforts of modern- style life. At the same time he had a heart-felt respect for his parents. He did not want to defy orders of his highly-respected father. He offered a well-thought plan to his father. He proposed that he would attend a one-year long task-oriented training-programme with a multinational company. Thereafter he will start with his father his own electronic chips-manufacturing company . His father readily agreed to his well-perceived proposal. Thus blew off the much-feared confrontation between the two.

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PART OF SPEECH OF A WORD IN A SENTENCE --QUESTIONS FROM COMPETETIVE EXAMINATIONS

 HOW TO IDENTIFY A PART OF SPEECH OF A WORD IN A SENTNCE

Words perform different functions in a sentence. A part of speech of a word is identified according to its form, usage and structure in a sentence. Different parts of speech are Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and interjection.

A  word acquires its part of speech according to its use in the given sentence. The same word acts as different part of speech in different sentences according to its place and use. The same word can be a noun and verb, an adjective and an adverb or a conjunction and a preposition. Following sentences illustrate the point :

He carried a bag on his back.  (Noun)

He entered from the back door. (Adjective)

Please close the door. (Verb)

He is my close friend. (Adjective)

She sat close to her mother. (Adverb)

All were present there. (Pronoun)

All members were present there.(Adjective)

He lost his all in gambling. (Noun)

He feels well now. (Adverb)

His ball fell into the well. (Noun)

He drank well water. (Adjective)

Tears welled up in her eyes. (Verb)

I did not see him since Monday. (Preposition)

I did not see him since he left. (Conjunction)

They reached soon after. (Adverb)

She left after they arrived. (Conjunction)

She left after their arrival.(Preposition)

Although no specific rule can be assigned yet there are certain tips to identify different parts of speech. 

-- An article precedes a noun. i.e. a book, an apple.

-- A noun or pronoun is used as subject or object in a sentence.

--Nouns and Pronouns have their gender forms. 

--Nouns, Pronouns and Verbs have their numbers. 

--An adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun and an adverb  qualifies a verb, adjective or adverb etc.

--Some words are used as both adjective and adverbs.

--Adjectives and Adverbs have their degree forms. 

-- A conjunction enjoins a sentence with a sentence, a clause  with a clause and a word with a word.

--An interjection expresses feelings of happiness, sorrow or fear etc.

--An interjection, if removed from the sentence, makes no change in the meaning of the sentence. 

--A preposition precedes a noun or a pronoun.

-- A preposition joins any part of speech with any other part

   of speech.

-- A gerund acts as a noun and is used as subject and object.

-- A participle (present and past) is used as an adjective and qualifies a noun or pronoun.

In Competitive examinations there are questions of sentences with words whose part of speech is to be identified out of the given options or otherwise. 

Here follow sentences with their solution for practice. In these cases part of speech of all the words besides that of the word in question has to be identified to find the solution. 

 1.The appreciated value of all the assets has been displayed .

2. I appreciate the decision taken by you.

3. Appreciating his action, she congratulated him.

4. Down went the building like a pack of cards. 

5. He has seen many ups and downs in his life.

6. Down with the traitors.

7. Since when have you been studying in this college? 

8.  Since you are sick, you should not go to office today. 

ANSWERS :1. Adjective 2. Verb 3. Participle 4. Adverb 5. Noun 6. Verb 7. Preposition 8. Conjunction

SENTENCES FROM QUESTION PAPERS OF CERTAIN COMPETETIVE EXAMINATIONS (WITH SOLUTION AND EXPLANATION).

EXERCISE

IDENTIFY PART OF SPEECH OF THE WORD IN BOLD AND MARK IT AGAINST ONE OUT OF THE GIVEN OPTIONS.

ONE

1. You are paying less attention to your studies these days.

1. Adverb

2. Adjective

3. Intensifier

4. Noun 

(Answer - In this sentence you is Pronoun, Subject, paying is verb, attention is noun, object. Less is second degree of adjective Little and qualifies noun, attention. It is an adjective.)

2. Sit down and rest a while.

1. Noun

2. Adjective

3. Adverb

4. Intensifier

 

(Answer -  In this sentence sit is a verb, down is adverb and is conjunction, rest is a verb while represents time and it is a noun. It is preceded by an article a. )

3. All the pilgrims rested for a while under the bunyan tree.

1. Verb

2. Adverb

3. Preposition

4. Place value

(Answer -  In this sentence 'pilgrim' is a noun, 'rested' is a verb and   'tree' is a noun. 'Bunyan' qualifies  noun tree and thus is an adjective. A preposition precedes a noun tree. So 'under' is a preposition.) 

4. When people found that the jewel was in the records of Rahim, they gave it to him.

1. Noun

2. Adverb

3. Pronoun

4. Conjunction

(Answer -  In this sentence people is a noun and is subject, found is a verb, jewel is a noun  and is object. They is a pronoun and subject, gave is a verb and "it" is a pronoun and object.  Nouns and pronouns form Subject and Object ) 

5. The wonderful statue of the leader welcomes all the people to the city.

1. Adjective

2. Noun

3. Object

4. Adverb

(Answer -  In this sentence welcomes  is a verb, people is a noun  and is object. Statue is a noun and is subject. Wonderful is an adjective and it qualifies noun statue )

TWO 

1. She truthfully answered the detective's questions.

1. Noun

2. Verb

3, Adjective

4. Adverb

2. The children were walking through the forest.

1. Adjective

2. Adverb

3. Verb

4. Preposition

3." Bravo ! well done, my boys!" said the captain. 

1. Noun

2. Pronoun

3. Conjunction

4. Interjection

4. Ravi was declared as the winner because he had hit the most number of fours and sixes.

1. Adverb

2. Clause

3. Interjection

4. Conjunction

5. The building is very ancient. 

1. Auxiliary Verb

2. Transitive Verb

3. Intransitive Verb

4. Phrasal Verb

1. My shirt is whiter than his.

1. Noun

2. Adjective

3. Pronoun

4. Adverb

2. Providing good education to their wards is the prime concern of all parents.

1. Verb

2. Adverb

3. Gerund

4. Present Participle

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