PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense is used 

--- to show that a work has been accomplished. It has already been completed and the same is over now. It has been completed in the recent past.

She has finished her work. 

He has just left the place.

-- to express an action taken place in the past of which time is not mentioned.

I have  taken my food?

They have  been to that city twice.

---- with adverbs like already, yet, often or recently etc.   

The students have already finished their work.

She has not prepared tea yet. 

----- For the action that started in the past but is still continuing. 

He has been taking this medicine since last Monday.

 He has been living in this house for the last two years.

More Examples:

• Sam has painted a picture.

• Boys have finished their homework.
• The lady has fallen ill.
• He has not taken any decision.
• Both the brothers have been running a factory for the last four years.

In this tense the words "has" "have" are used with third form of verb.

With First person singular and plural, second person singular and plural and third person plural, 'have' is used. With third person singular 'has' is used . 

In negative sentences 'not' is used with 'has' or 'have'. 

In interrogative sentences 'has' or 'have' is used in the beginning of the sentence and sign of interrogation is used at the end of the sentence. I

In all cases third form of verb is used.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

• With First person, Second person singular and plural and third person plural ‘have’ is used with third form of verb.

• With third person singular ‘has’ is used with third form of verb.

For Example :

• I have written a letter to him.

• He has committed a mistake.

• Children have finished their work.

• We have taken our meals.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES 

In negative sentences with ‘has & have’ not and third form of verb is used.

For Example:

• Boys have not gone to school today.

• She has not done her work.

• I have not taken my meals today.

• You have not made any mistake.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

In Interrogative sentences

• For First Person,second person singular and plural and third person plural the word have is used before subject.

• For third person singular the word has.

• At the end of the sentence Interrogative sign is used.

For Example:

• Has he gone to the market ?

• Have you taken your meals?

• Have they  lent you any money?

• Has the girl  finished her work?

Similarly in interrogative negative sentences, "Has" "Have" is used before the subject and not issued before third form of verb.

For Example:

• Have you not gone to school today?

• Has she not finished her work ?

• Have I not consulted you?

• Have the girls not sung a song?

Here are some Interrogative sentences starting with'wh'.

1. Why have you not taken your food today?

2. Who has stolen your book?

3. How long have you been in this city?

4. Who has reprimanded the child?

5. What has brought you here?

6. Where have the students gone?

7. How many marks have you obtained?

8. From whom have you purchased this house?

9.When has the train whistled off ?

10. Which student has won the medal?

EXERCISE NO  1

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

1. The judge ...........(find) the prisoner guilty.

2. I ..........( learn) my lesson.

3. Your brother.........( finish) his work.

4. The milkmaid ............(supply) short milk today.

5. My father .............(sell off) the old house.

EXERCISE NO  2

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

I ................. (visit) so many tourist

 places but I ................(not visit) a

hill station so far. I............(make u

 my mind to visit some hill station 

this summer. I ..........(plan) to 

visit some beautiful hill station 

during the ensuing vacation. I 

............(request) one of my friends 

to accompany me. He ...........(visit) 

a number of hill stations. He ........

(agree) to accompany me. His 

brother............(construct) his 

house at a hill station. He .........

(assure) me of a comfortable stay 

there. I .......(start) planning about 

my visit.

EXERCISE NO  3

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

" I ..................(decide) to host a dinner party to all of my friends" said the crane to the fox. "For this I ................(prepare) a list of my friends to be invited to the party. I ........... (place) your name at the top of the list."  added he. The fox said," Why.......... you ...........(decide) to throw a party to your friends ? ......... you .............(find out) some treasure in the forest or is there any celebration? " Quickly said the crane in reply," No, I ..........(not find out) any treasure nor is there any celebration. But I .........(decide) to meet all of my friends at my place. " He said further, " My dear friend, recently I ........... (learn) preparing very delicious dishes. I .........(prepare) some of these dishes at my house also. I want to share these with my friends."

EXERCISE NO 4

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense

I .............(come) to know from a reliable source that the culprit ............(abscond) out of the country. He ......... flee to some foreign country to escape his arrest. He ..............(seek) asylum in that country. For this purpose he ............(submit)  his application to the authorities of that country. The authorities ............... (confirm) that they ................ (receive) his application but ..........( not take) any decision about it so far. Back in the country his father ............(fall ) ill on learning this. He ........... (approach) the government of the country to allow his son to meet him. The government ..........(receive) his  request but ...........(keep) its decision in the matter pending.  

EXERCISE NO 5

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense

Science ............. (make) various inventions and discoveries and thus.............(add) to human comforts. Though it ........... (provide) comforts yet it .............(fail) to provide the real happiness to human beings. It ........(make) human beings more impatient and aggressive in nature. It ........... (produce) arsenal weapons and thus ............(provide) material for destruction of the world. It ............ (develop) drugs which provide temporary relief from worries but not permanent solace. It .........(escalate)  problems of mankind rather than reducing them. Man of today ................. (seek) solace in modern luxuries. But these ..........(add) to his woes. He ...........(entrap) himself in a web of his own.

EXERCISE NO 6

Rewrite the following paragraph using Present Perfect Tense form of verb wherever required.

His son  completed his studies a couple of years ago but he did not get any job so far. He  tried in a number of offices and departments but did not get any success. His father spent a lot of money for his education and he  raised many expectations from him. The condition of the son  made the father worried about his future. As a good time  passed, chances of his son getting a good job too went bleak. This all  created a strange type of atmosphere in the house. The relationship between the father and the son too  grew strained. Keeping in view the position of scant jobs available for the youth nowadays, the father  advised the son to start some work of his own. The son  decided to start a small factory. He  prepared a project report and  submitted it to a bank. He  decided to get a good premises for the factory on rent. He  applied to a bank for a loan for running his factory. He  decided to start his work soon after the sanction of loan.

ANSWERS

EXERCISE NO  1

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

1. The judge has found the prisoner guilty.

2. I have  learnt my lesson.

3. Your brother has finished his work.

4. The milkmaid has supplied short milk today.

5. My father has sold off the old house.

EXERCISE NO  2

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

I have visited so many tourist places but I have not visited any hill station so far. I have made up my mind to visit some hill station this summer. I have planned to visit some beautiful hill station during the ensuing vacation. I have requested one of my friends to accompany me. He has visited a number of hill stations. He has agreed to accompany me. His brother has constructed his house at a hill station. He has assured me of a comfortable stay there. I have started planning about my visit.

EXERCISE NO  3

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense.

" I have decided to host a dinner party to all of my friends" said the crane to the fox. "For this I have prepared a list of my friends to be invited to the party. I have placed your name at the top of the list."  added he. The fox said," Why have you decided to throw a party to your friends ? Have you found out some treasure in the forest or is there any celebration? " Quickly said the crane in reply," No, I have not found out any treasure nor is there any celebration. But I have decided to meet all of my friends at my place. " He said further, " My dear friend, recently I have learnt preparing very delicious dishes. I have prepared some of these dishes at my house also. I want to share those with my friends."

EXERCISE NO 4

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense

I  have come to know from a reliable source that the culprit  has absconded out of the country. He has  fled to some foreign country to escape his arrest. He has sought asylum in that country. For this purpose he has submitted  his application to the authorities of that country. The authorities have confirmed that they have received his application but have not taken any decision about it so far. Back in the country his father has fallen  ill  on learning this. He has approached the government of the country to allow his son to meet him. The government  has received his  request but has kept its decision in the matter pending.  

EXERCISE NO 5

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Perfect Tense

Science has  made various inventions and discoveries and thus has added to human comforts. Though it has provided comforts yet it has failed to provide the real happiness to human beings. It has made human beings more impatient and aggressive in nature. It has produced arsenal weapons and thus has provided material for destruction of the world. It has developed drugs which provide temporary relief from worries but not permanent solace. It has escalated  problems of mankind rather than reducing them. Man of today has sought solace in modern luxuries. But in turn these have added to his woes. He has entrapped  himself in a web of  his own.

           

      

EXERCISE NO 6

Rewrite the following paragraph using Present Perfect Tense form of verb wherever required.

His son has completed his studies a couple of years ago but he has not got any job so far. He has tried in a number of offices and departments but has not got any success. His father has spent a lot of money for his education and he has raised many expectations from him. The condition
 of the son has made the father worried about his future. As a good time has passed, chances of his son getting a good job too have gone bleak. This all has created a strange type of atmosphere in the house. The relationship between the father and the son too has grown strained. Keeping in view the position of scant jobs available for the youth nowadays, the father has advised the son to start some work of his own. The son has decided to start a small factory. He has prepared a project report and has submitted it to a bank. He has decided to get a good premises for the factory on rent. He has applied to a bank for a loan for running his factory. He has decided to start his work soon after the sanction of loan.

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Continuous Tense  is used to show that a work is being done. It still continues and is being done. Time of the action is not specified. It shows that the action is not complete or accomplished yet.

For Example :

Alice is painting a picture.

This sentence shows that the subject Alice is doing a work in the present time. This work is not accomplished and is continuing.

The Present Continuous Tense is used :

---- for an action that is in progress at the time of speaking.  For Example:

 She is cooking food. 

Boys are playing football.

They are watching T.V.

----- for an action that is in progress and will continue in future. It may not be going on at the time of speaking. 

For Example:

He is learning English.

My friend is writing a book.

---It is used to describe an action that is planned to take place in the near future.

 For Example : 

The guests are coming tomorrow.

He is not taking his examination this year.

----- to express disapproval of a persistent habit or something done again and again. Adverbs such as always, constantly, repeatedly etc. are used. 

For Example:

She is repeatedly making the same mistakes.

He is always doing one mischief or the other. 

They are constantly changing their opinion.

NOTE : Verbs of perception and some other verbs are not generally used in the Present Continuous Tense.

 For Example: 

See, smell, hear, taste T, know, understand, like, hate, want, wish etc.

In this tense helping verbs 'is, am are' are used and  first form of verb with 'ing' is used.

He is drinking water. 

I am painting a picture. 

You are taking your meals.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES  

With First person singular, ‘am’ along with first form of verb with ‘ing’ is used.

For Example :

I am writing a letter.

With First person plural,second person singular and plural and third person plural ‘are’ is used with first form of verb and 'ing' .

We are playing a match. 

You are making a noise. 

They are singing a song.

With third person singular ‘is’ is used with first form of verb and ing.

For example :

He is drinking water.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

‘Is, Am or Are’ + Not + First form of verb + ing is used.

For Example : 

Boys are not playing a football match.

She is not reading a book.

I am not going to the office today.

We are not making a noise.

You are not flying kites.

 

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

 ‘Is, Am or Are’ is used before subject. First form of verb + 'ing' is used.

Sign of interrogation is used at the end of the sentence.

For Example :

Are the boys  playing a football match?

Are the girls not singing a song ?

Here are some examples of Interrogative sentences  starting with 'Wh'.

1. What are you doing?

2. When are you going to their house?

3. Which book are you reading?

4. Why are the children making a noise?

5. How are you feeling now?

6. Where are the visitors coming from ?

7. How much money is he demanding?

8. Whom are you expecting at the dinner?

9. Why are not you going to the bed now?

10. For whom are you purchasing a gift?

11. Whom do you expect in the meeting today?

EXERCISE NO   1

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense.

1. A cool wind ................ (blow) at this time.

2. Farmers .............. (sow) seeds  in their fields.

3. The child ....................(cut) teeth.

4. Boys ...................(bathe) in the river.

5. A policeman ................(chase) the thief.
 

EXERCISE NO   2

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense.

1. She ......................(not waste) her time in gossips.

2. We...................(not plan) to go to see a picture.

3. The teacher ............. (not teach)  us today.

4. The students ............... (not take) their examination.

5. Cows .............. (not graze) grass in the meadows.

EXERCISE NO  3

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

 1. ...... the boys ................... (not go) to their homes today?

2. ........ she ................... (play) on guitar?

3. ......... the birds ......... (not chirp)  in trees?

4. ............ your brother............( not live) with you?

5. ........... the rabbits ...........(hide) in their burrows ?

EXERCISE NO  4

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

1. Whom ....... you............ (call) ?

2. When ........... the guests........... (come)?

3. Why ......... the child ........(weep) so bitterly?

4. Where ......... they ...........(go) at this time?

5. Why .......... your sister not ........(participate) in the competition?

EXERCISE NO  5

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

I ............ (go) out for a walk on the bank of the river. I see cool water......... (flow) in the river. A cool wind..............(blow) all around. Birds ........... (chirp) in the trees. Many people ............. (walk) on the grass. I .......... (feel) very happy to see all this. Many friends .................(join) me there.  We all .............. (take) exercise. It .............. (look) very pleasant.  Some of my friends ........... (sit) on the grass and ..........(gossip).  We all ........... (enjoy) ourselves very much.

EXERCISE NO  6

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

It ............ (get) dark now. The sun ...........(set) in the west. People .......... (move) towards their homes. Most of them ............. (feel) tired. They .......... (wear) very good clothes but those ........... (show)  dust particles on them now. Though they............(feel) very happy yet they ............ (find) it very difficult to walk. They .........(get) late so they are ...............(rush) to their homes. They ...........(carry) a lot of sweets with them. Their children............(feel) very happy to witness all this. 
  

EXERCISE NO  7

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense.

 I ..........(go) to my grandmother's house today. My brother and sister too .........(accompany) me. We ............(go) by train. We all .......... (go) there to spend our vacation. We ...........(expect) our cousins also to reach there. All the members  in my grandmother's house..............(wait) for us eagerly. We all ........(feel) excited to be with our cousins soon. We.........(feel) happy because we are not required to do our home work there. We ............(go) to have a very good time there.    

(ANSWERS)

EXERCISE NO   1

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

1. A cool wind  is blowing at this time.

2. Farmers are sowing seeds  in their fields.

3. The child is cutting his teeth.

4. Boys are bathing in the river.

5. A policeman is chasing  the thief.

EXERCISE NO   2

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

1. She is not wasting her time in gossips.

2. We are not planning to go to see a picture.

3. The teacher  is not teaching us today.

4. The students are not taking their examination.

5. Cows are not grazing grass in the meadows.

EXERCISE NO  3

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

 1. Are the boys not going to their homes today?

2. Is she playing on guitar?

3. Are the birds not chirping  in trees?

4. Is your brother not living with you?

5. Are the rabbits hiding in their burrows ?

EXERCISE NO  4

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

1. Whom are you calling ?

2. When are the guests coming ?

3. Why is the child weeping so bitterly?

4. Where are they going at this time?

5. Why is your sister not participating in the competition?

EXERCISE NO  5

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

I  am going out for a walk on the bank of the river. I see cool water is flowing in the river. A cool wind is blowing all around. Birds are chirping in the trees. Many people are walking  on the grass. I  am feeling very happy to see all this. Many friends are joining me there.  We all are taking exercise. It is looking very pleasant.  Some of my friends are sitting on the grass and are gossiping.  We all are enjoying ourselves very much.

EXERCISE NO  6

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense

It is getting dark now. The sun is setting in the west. People are moving towards their homes. Most of them are feeling tired. They are wearing very good clothes but those are showing  dust particles on them  now. Though they are feeling very happy yet they are finding it very difficult to walk. They are getting late so they are rushing to their homes. They are carrying a lot of sweets with them. Their children are feeling very happy to witness all this. 
  

EXERCISE NO  7

Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of given verb in Present Continuous Tense.

 I am going to my grandmother's house today. My brother and sister too are accompanying me. We are going by train. We all are going there to spend our vacation. We are expecting our cousins also to reach there. All the members  in my grandmother's house are waiting for us eagerly. We all are feeling excited to be with our cousins soon. We are feeling happy because we are not required to do our home work there. We are going to have a very good time there.    

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