Showing posts with label Grammar Lessons - Conversion or Transformation of sentences---- Changing one form of a sentence to another. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Grammar Lessons - Conversion or Transformation of sentences---- Changing one form of a sentence to another. Show all posts

Tuesday, 25 August 2015

TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES -- THREE

The conversion or transformation of a sentence implies changing  grammatical form of a sentence from one to another without changing its meaning. It can be done  in different ways. 

Another form of these further to previous post is as under:



D. Conversion of  Affirmative Sentences into Negative                       sentences          & Vice versa.



An Affirmative sentence provides a positive information about something happening whereas a negative sentence gives a negative information about the same. These are just general terms. However these sentences can be interchanged with each other. These are changed as under:

Change of affirmative sentences into negative sentences :


1. By using an antonyms of the word. For example.


This can be expected from a fool only.
This cannot be expected from a wise.

This is the work of a brave person.
This is not the work of a timid person.

He is aware of the faults of his son.
He is not blind to the faults of his son.



His remarks displeased his boss. 
His remarks did not please his boss.

2. By removing adverb too. For example :


He is too weak to move about.
He is so weak that he cannot move about.

This lesson is too difficult for me understand.
This lesson is so difficult that I cannot understand.

This tree is too high for the child to climb up.
This tree is so high that the child cannot climb up.



3. By using No sooner..... than. For example :


As soon as I reached home, it started raining.
No sooner did I reach home, it started raining.

As soon as she reached the office,the boss left.
No sooner did she reach the office the boss left. 

4. By using None.......but. For example :


Only his brother is at fault.
None but his brother is at fault.

Only deserving candidates could qualify.
None but deserving candidates could qualify.


5. By removing Lest .......  should. For example :


Work hard  lest you should fail.
Work hard so that you may not fail.

Walk fast lest you should be late.
Walk fast so that you may not be late.


6. By using degree of comparison. For example :

He is richer than his brother.
His brother is not as rich as he.

This city is the costliest city.
No other city is costlier than this city.

Her sister is cleverer than her.
She is not as clever as her sister is.

7. By using double negatives in the sentence. For example :


He is sure of his success.
He has no doubt of his success.

He achieved success in his mission.
He did not fail to achieve success in his mission.



8. Sundry sentences using different methods. For example :



There is always scope for a man to make amends.

It is never too late for a  man to make amends.


By dint of hard work one can achieve success.

There is no royal road to success.


Every person in the city knows him. 

There is not a single person in the city who does not know him.




For changing Negative sentences into Affirmative sentences reverse of the method given above can be used.


A Few Sentences for Practice.


1. His boss dislikes his clumsy manners.
(Change into negative sentence)
2. As soon as he saw the policeman, he ran away.
(Change into negative sentence)
3. None but a brave man can face such a situation.
(Change into affirmative sentence)
4. I did not take a note of what he says about me.
(Change into affirmative sentence)
5. There is  no fool like an old fool.
(Change into negative sentence)
6. He left no plan untried.
(Change into affirmative sentence)
7. He lost his temper during the discussion.
(Change into negative sentence)
8. He has lost all hopes to win.
(Change into negative sentence)
9. He did not believe what I said.
(Change into affirmative sentence)
10. None but you can solve this problem. 
(Change into affirmative sentence)

It
Answers:


1. His boss does not like his clumsy manners.

2. No sooner did he see the policeman, he ran away.

3. Only a brave man can face such a situation.

4. I missed to take a note of what he says about me.

5. Old fools surpass all in folly.

6. He tried all the  plans.

7. He did not maintain  his temper during the discussion.

8. He has no hope to win.

9. He disbelieved what I said.

10. Only you can solve this problem.




 Change the following sentences from assertive to negative form or vice versa. 


EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE


1. His failure in the mission encouraged him to be stronger.

2. This nut is too hard to break.

3. She is more intelligent than her sister.

4. It is too early to predict the outcome of the exercise.

5. He has made all attempts to resolve the issue.

6. Finally his efforts to make the plan successful bore fruit.

7. The visiting team took keen interest in the game till its end.

8. It is hard to believe that such a frail man will win the competition.

9. The overnight left over food has lost its taste.

10. Only a wise and learned man can think of such a plan.



Answers:



1. His failure in the mission  did not discourage him to be stronger.

2. This nut is so hard that it cannot be  broken.

3. Her sister is not as intelligent as she.

4. It is so early that the outcome of the exercise cannot be predicted.

5. He has left no attempt to resolve the issue.

6. Finally his efforts to make the plan successful did not go waste.

7. The visiting team did not lose interest in the game till its end.

8. It is not to believe that such a frail man will win the competition.

9. The overnight left over food does not have its taste.

10. A wise and learned man cannot go without  thinking of such a plan.







Sunday, 23 August 2015

CONVERSION OR TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES ---------- TWO

The conversion or transformation of a sentence implies changing  grammatical form of a sentence from one to another without changing its meaning. It can be done  in different ways. 

Another form of these further to previous post is as under:



B. Conversion of  Exclamatory sentences into Assertive Sentences & Vice versa.




Sentences are mainly of following types : 

Assertive Sentences
Negative Sentences 
Interrogative Sentences
Exclamatory Sentences


While changing one of the above types of sentences to other in direct form of speech to indirect form of speech, certain rules are observed. The same rules are observed while conversion of these sentences to other type.


Exclamatory sentences are the sentences which describe the feelings of happiness, sorrow, surprise, a strong desire or a strong wish. These end with a sign !. These sentences are mainly of following types :

First type of exclamatory sentences start with the words "How or 
What". While changing these sentences into assertive form  these words are replaced by the words 'very' and 'great'. Very is added before adjective and great before a noun in the sentence. For example :


How cold it is today !   ..............      It is very cold today.
How fine weather it is today!  .......  It is very fine weather today.

What a fool I am !   ...............            I am a great fool.

What a change in his attitude!
There is a great change in his attitude.                                                What a fun they have together!       They had a great fun together.


Note the following sentences:


What a pathetic scene it was!

It was a very pathetic scene.

What a pathetic scene!  OR
How pathetic the scene was!

The scene was very pathetic.




Second type of exclamatory sentences start with the words Hurrah, Alas and Bravo. These words are replaced by the words It is a matter of happiness (or joy) that or It is sad that (It is a matter of grief that) respectively. For example :

Hurrah ! we have won the match.
It is a  matter of happiness that we have won the match.

Hurrah ! tomorrow is a holiday !
It is a matter of joy that tomorrow is a holiday.

Alas! I have lost the contest.
It is sad that I have lost the contest.

Alas! I could not qualify the competition. 
It is sad that I could not qualify the competition.

Bravo! we have won the match.
It is a matter of joy that we won the match,

Third of type of exclamatory sentences start with the words O, Oh,if, Could or   Would that, If only. 

These sentences are changed into assertive sentences by adding the words 'wished' or 'earnestly desired'. For example :

O, that I could fly in the sky!
I wish that I could fly in the sky.

Oh, that we were in a new mansion!
We  wish that we were in a new mansion. 

Would that I were a millionaire!
I wish that I were a millionaire.

If only I were a king!
I wish that I were a king.

Could it possible for me to convince him!
I wish that it could be possible for me to convince him.


Similarly assertive sentences can be converted into exclamatory sentences by reversing the process. For example :

He is very strong.
How strong he is !

It is joyful that I won a lottery.
Hurrah! I won a lottery.

I wished that I could be successful.
O, that I could be successful !

     

C. Conversion of  Assertive and Interrogative sentences from one to another form & Vice versa.


An Assertive sentence provides a positive or affirmative information, a negative sentence has a negative information whereas an interrogative sentence enquires about a subject. These are general terms however these sentences can be interchanged with each other. These are changed as under:


Interchange of interrogative and assertive  sentences  :

When an interrogative sentence is negative, it is changed into a  positive assertive sentence as :

Who does not want to live in peace?
Everybody wants to live in a peace.

If the interrogative sentence is positive, it is changed into a negative sentence as :

Who can afford such a huge expense?
None can afford such a huge expense.

If the interrogative sentence starts with the following words, it is changed with the word given in parentheses with the each of these words.

Who ( Nobody or None), Who does not (Everybody or Everyone), When (Never), Where (Nowhere), Why (It is of no use or It is useless), Of what use (Of no use), What if ( It does not matter) and How (A negative verb) 

For Example :

Who would not like to progress in life ?
 Everyone would like to progress in life.  

Of what use are these riches for her?
These riches are of no use for her.

Who would pocket such an insult?
Nobody would like to pocket such an insult.

When will he learn manners?
He will never learn manners.

Why to beat about the bush?
It is of no use to beat about the bush.

What if one opportunity is lost?
It does not matter if one opportunity is lost.

How can he manage affairs single-handedly?
He cannot mange affairs single-handedly.

If the interrogative sentence starts with a helping verb and is a negative sentence, in assertive sentence 'not' is not used  and if there is no 'not' in interrogative sentence, 'not' is used in assertive sentences. For example:


Does this action look nice for a person like him ?
This action does not look nice for a person like him.

Shall I ever forget favours done to me by you ?
I shall never forget favours done to me by you.

Are not sweet the uses of adversity ?
Sweet are the uses of adversity.

Is it not likely to rain today ?
It is likely to rain today.

Are they not sure to lose the match?
They are sure to lose the match.


Similarly the Assertive sentences can be transformed into Interrogative sentences by reversing the process. For example :

We should respect our betters.
Should not we respect our betters?

Everyone will like to praise him.
Who would not like to praise him ?

None would dare challenge him.
Who would dare  challenge him ?

It is a great pleasure to see an old friend.
Is it not a great pleasure to see an old friend?

Could anybody solve these sums ?
Nobody could solve these sums.


Please note that in no case tense of a sentence is to be changed.Tense of the sentence will remain the same.


SOME by SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE 

Convert the following Exclamatory into Assertive sentences

1. What a nice catch it is !
     It is a nice catch.

2. How fine the whether it is !
    It is very fine weather.

3. What a charming sight !
    It is a very charming sight.

4. O, what a nasty fall he had !
     He had a very nasty fall.

5. O that I too could climb the mountain.
    I wish that I too could climb the mountain.    
  
6. Hurrah ! we have won the race!
    It is joyful that we have won the race.

7. Alas ! he has incurred loss in his business.
    It is sad that he has incurred loss in his business. 

8. Would that I were a rich man !
     I wish that I were a rich man.

9. If only I had never left my home!
    I wish I had never left my home.

10. What a merry time we had last night !
     We had a very merry time last night. 




EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE


Convert the following Exclamatory into Assertive sentences or vice versa.


1. What a fine weather it is today!

2. This is a very lofty building. 

3. How old this machine is! 

4. What a nice picture it is! 

5. The children had a miraculous escape in the tragedy.

6. What an ulterior  motive you have, Shylock !

 7. How innocent the child is!

 8. The lady is wearing a very beautiful dress.

 9. The poor people were very helpless under these circumstances. 

10. What a lovely rose it is! 


    ANSWERS : 

1. It is a very fine weather today.

2. What a  lofty building this is!

3. This is a very old machine.

4. It is a very nice picture.

5. What a miraculous escape the children had  in the tragedy!

6. Shylock, you have a very ulterior  motive.

 7. The child is very innocent.

 8. What a beautiful dress the lady is wearing!

 9. How helpless the poor people were  under these circumstances!

10. It is a very lovely rose.


    
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE


Convert the following Exclamatory into Assertive sentences or vice versa.


1. Hurrah! We have reached the destination in time.

2. O, that I had a little amount of money.

3. Would that I had achieved the target!

4. Alas!  they have lost all hopes.

5. Pooh! she stole gift articles from the shop.

6. Bravo ! My boys have done a commendable job.

7. If only I had won the match !

8. Would that the lady had won the race!

9. Alas! She has lost the game.

10. What a stupid fellow I am !



ANSWERS : 



1. It is a matter of happiness that we have reached the destination in time.

2. I wish that I had a little amount of money.

3. I wish that I had achieved the target.

4. It is sad that  they have lost all hopes.

5. It is a matter of shame that she stole gift articles from the shop.

6. It is  a matter of joy that my boys have done a commendable job.

7. I wish that I had won the match.

8. I wish that the lady had won the race.

9. It is sad that she has lost the game.

10. I am a stupid fellow.




















Note:  For more on the topic visit :
www.lessonenglishgrammar.com