Sentences are of three types Simple, Complex and Compound sentences.
These forms of sentences are used in the language according to convenience and part of speech to be stressed in a particular situation.
In ordinary language simple sentences as well as other forms of sentences are used.
The structure of a simple sentence is generally a Subject Verb and Object. Sometimes the object is missing.
Boys fly kites. 'Boys' is subject, 'fly' is a verb and 'kites' object. Sometimes the sentence is without any object. Boys laugh. 'Boys' is Subject and 'laugh' is a verb.
Verb is the main part of the sentence as without a verb a sentence is not possible. Though a verb only can form a sentence. Run. Only one word 'Run' can suffice the purpose of a sentence.
Verbs are Finite and Infinite verbs.
A finite verb changes with person, number and gender of the subject. But an infinite verb does not change with these changes. Infinite verbs are Gerund, Infinitive and Present Participle and Past Participle.
A finite verb is necessary for forming a sentence. A sentence is generally in active form. For an active form sentence a finite verb is necessary to convert it into a passive form. Sentences can be active or passive according to verb used in them. Sometimes a sentence is in active form but its sense is in passive form.
For example :
Boys fly kites in the sky.
(Active form)
Kites are flown in the sky by boys.
(Passive form)
Kites fly in the sky.
(Active form but sense passive).
CONVERSION FROM SIMPLE INTO COMPLEX FORM
BY CHANGING A GERUND TO A CLAUSE.
A simple sentence contains one clause whereas a complex sentence contains one or more than one clauses. For changing a simple into a complex sentence we have to increase its clauses from one to more than one.
A hunter shot at the flying bird.
This sentence contains one clause. It has one finite verb in it i.e. 'shot'.
The hunter shot at the bird which was flying.
This sentence has two clauses and two finite verbs i.e. 'shot' and 'flying'.
In first sentence 'flying' is non finite verb i.e. Gerund. It has been changed into a clause in the second sentence.
So a simple sentence can be changed into complex one by changing a Gerund used in it.
BY CHANGING A PAST PARTICIPLE INTO A CLAUSE.
A simple sentence can be changed into a complex one by changing a Past Participle used in it to a clause.
The carpenter repaired the broken chair.
This is a simple sentence and it contains one verb repaired and a Past Participle broken. If the Past Participle broken is changed into a clause it will become a complex sentence.
The carpenter repaired a chair which was broken.
In this sentence there are two finite verbs 'repaired' and 'broken'. It has two clauses so it is a complex sentence.
BY CHANGING AN INFINITIVE TO A CLAUSE
An infinitive in a sentence can be changed into a clause to make a simple sentnce a complex sentence.
His mother asked him to go to the market.
His mother asked him that he should go to the market,
Here infinitive to go is changed to a clause that he should go to.
For joining the two clauses together a conjunction that has been used.
You wanted me to join the party.
You wanted that I should join the party.
BY CHANGING A NOUN TO A CLAUSE
A simple sentence containing a noun can be changed into a complex sentence by making a clause of the noun.
We discussed the matter on his departure.
Here departure is a noun of verb depart. This noun will be changed into a clause.
We discussed the matter when he departed.
To put both the clauses together a conjunction when is added to the sentence.
The meeting started on the arrival of the president.
The meeting started when the president arrived.
BY CHANGING A PARTICIPLE TO A CLAUSE
A participle in a sentence can be changed into a clause.
Enraged over his remarks he left the meeting. OR
He enraged over his remarks left the meeting.
As he was enraged over his remarks he left the meeting.
Because he was enraged over his remarks he left the meeting.
OR
He left the meeting as he was enraged over his remarks.
He left the meeting because he was enraged over his remarks.
BY ADDING A CLAUSE OF OWN
A simple sentence can be changed into a complex one by adding a clause of own.
The man guarding at the gate did not allow him entry.
The man who was guarding at the gate did not allow him entry.
Those living in glass houses should not throw stones at others.
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones at others.
The man helping me is my teacher.
The man who is helping me is my teacher.
EXERCISE ONE
1. While walking on the road, he found a purse.
2. We should help the needy person.
3. By taking some medicine you will feel better.
4. Feeling sick he did not go to his office yesterday.
5. Drenched in rain I felt cold.
6. He did not want me to share the details.
7. They grew suspicious on his abrupt departure.
8. During my visit to them I enjoyed their company very much.
9. He wanted to communicate with you.
10. On attaining the age of five he went to school.
EXERCISE TWO
1. Taking overripe fruit is injurious to health.
2. He grew old with the passage of time.
3. Barking dogs seldom bite.
4. Fearing his defeat he did not participate in the competition.
5. The machinery worn out in the second year.
6.Encouraged by good results, he started his new term enthusiastically.
7. Failing to get good marks he could not get admission.
8. He was sitting on a wooden chair.
9. She wanted me to participate in the competetion.
10. I saw him swimming across the river.
ANSWERS
EXERCISE ONE
1. While he was walking on the road, he found a purse.
2. We should help the person who is in need.
3. If you take some medicine you will feel better.
4. As he was feeling sick, he did not go to his office yesterday.
5. As I was drenched in rain, I felt cold.
6. He did not want
that I should share the details.
7. They grew suspicious when he departed abruptly.
8. I enjoyed their company very much when I visited them.
9. He wanted that he should communicate with you.
10. He went to school when he attained the age of five.
EXERCISE TWO
1. If fruit are taken overripe, these are injurious to health.
2. As time passed on
he grew old.
3. The dogs which bark seldom bite.
4. He did not participate in the competition as he feared his defeat.
5. As the second year was on the machinery worn out.
6. He started his new term enthusiastically
as he was encouraged by good results.
7. He could not get admission because he failed to get good marks.
8. He was sitting on a chair which is made of wood.
9. She wanted that I participate in the competetion.
10. I saw him while he was swimming across the river.
