PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
With a view
to assess vocabulary level and skill of proper use of words, there are blanks given in a passage. Such questions are known by different titles like Close test etc,
- These blanks
are required to be filled with appropriate words.
- For this a few words are given as their options.
- Out of
these one word which is the most appropriate is to be filled in the blank
space.
- Sometimes these words have very close proximity in meaning with each
other. There is a chance that more than one word appear to be suitable for use.But the most appropriate word according to its meaning and use in the blank space is
required to be selected and filled in it.
- For this a fair good knowledge of
language and proper use of words is essentially required.
- A wrong word or a
misplaced use of a word sometimes makes a
havoc with the meaning of the sentence.
- While
selecting appropriate words, the method of selection and rejection of words
given as options can be used.
- A constant practice and wide
reading makes things simpler. Here are some exercises for practice..
For making a correct choice of a word to be filled in the blank, following steps are suggested:
- First identify different parts of speech in the given sentence.
- Find out the part of speech required in the blank space.
- Try to find out the link of different parts of speech in the sentence with that required in the blank i.e. if some noun is required its adjective available in the sentence or if some verb is required, its adverb available in the sentence etc.
- From the link available, position of the required word can be assessed,i.e. it will tell whether the word will be in singular or plural form etc.
- An assessment can also me made from the relative conjunction, preposition or article in the sentence an article singular or plural will tell about the word.
- An attempt can also be made through identifying and linking the blank with the tense used in he sentence.
- Above all this the required is to understand the meaning and sense of the sentence and to choose the most appropriate word according to that out of given options to be filled in the blank. A positive or negative sense of the sentence can make indication to the word to be used in the blank.
- In most of the cases, these sentences comprise of clauses more than one, formation and tense of one clause can give clue to structure of the other clause and thereby about the word to be filled in the blank.
- To cap all these practice makes the job easy and convenient.
Exercises For Practice (with solutions)
Exercise No 1.
In the following passage there are blanks which are numbered. Against these numbers below the passage are given words. Find out the appropriate one of these words/group of words that fits in the blank.
Banks have been 1………………..............conduct loan melas to disburse loans
2…………….............quality of loaning process and banks have been forced to
3…………...….loans so that vote banks of ruling party is 4………………and
become greater. Banks have been used to 5…...………….all non – 6………....
….......…..services like tax collection or salary payment or disbursing subsidy
oriented loans under various government sponsored schemes or7…….branch
8…………........…….in the name of service area approach or PM Jan Dhan
Yojana. Further to make the situation worse, banks have been 9…................
and allowed by previous government to do non- banking business like insurance,
mutual fund, demat etc. In this way banks 10……….......................….the safety
of bank's 11…………….assets and wasted time in capturing insurance business
from own customers. They could earn a few crores of rupees in commission on
selling insurance policies but they lost hundreds and thousands of crores of
rupees by financing to bad borrowers or by 12…………. monitoring loan asset
or by writing off bad loans. There is a saying " Penny wise pound foolish."
Options & Answers for Exercise 1
1. Coerced, catered, pressed,forced to,induced.
2. forefeiting, foregoing,yielding, sacrificing denouncing.
3. marking off,writing off,cutting off,diminishing, trimming.
4. protected,secured, safe, thriving sheltered.
5. transmit carry out, transact, convey,conduct.
6. fecund, productive, creative, useful,prolific.
7. careless, reckless inattentive,rapid, thoughtless.
8. growth,development, expansion extension, increase.
9. instructed directed focused,absorbed permitted.
10.surrendered,forefeited sacrificed foregone lost.
11. basic, core central essential, primary.
12. ignoring avoiding neglecting overlooking disregarding.
Exercise No. 2.
In the following passage there are blanks which are allotted with numbers. Below the passage are given words/group of words against these numbers. One of these words fits in the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate option.
Speaking in public is a 1…………….as its other forms like singing, writing or
acting are. The speaker is required to be careful or rather more2………..
because one of its most important requirement is to appear 3………………
to the audience. In ancient times, the great speakers used to prepare their
speeches before a 4………………. of their known persons and noticed their
own 5……….............… and 6….......………. of the spectators. Their audience
7………………. their trused friends, critics and mentors. They repeated their
speech a number of times in order to make 8…………over their words, speech
and way of speaking. This made their speaking perfect and 9. ……………and
also made their way of speaking perfect and 10…………. This all appeared not
only highly perfect product but also a genuine way of expression. This is the
reason that we still study the speeches of great men to gain experience and
perfection in our acts of speaking in public more 11. ..........……………. and
flawlessly.
Options & Answers for Exercise 2
1.(a)Aptitude (b)
form of an art (c)occupation, (d)Vocation (e) profession.
2 (a)Alert (b)careful (c) cautious, (d)vigilant, (e)thoughtful.
3. (a)impulsive (b)prudent (c) discreet (d) subtle(e) spontaneous.
4. (a) assembly, (b) crowd, (c) horde (d) gathering (e) multitude.
5. (a) defects (b)
shortcomings (c) faults (d)imperfections (e), mistakes.
6.(a) reply, (b) response, (c) reaction,(d) answer, (e)rejoinder.
7. (a) included, (b) involved, (c) contained, (d) comprised, (e) gathered.
8. (a) appreciation, (b) expertise, (c) capability, (d) ability, (e) a good command.
9. (a) clean, (b) neat, (c) foolproof, (d) immaculate, (e) secure.
10. (a) correct, (b) faultless, (c) right, (d) impeccable, (e) ideal.
11. (a) efficiently, (b) well, (c) competently, (d) ably, (e) proficiently.
Exercise No. 3.
In the following passage there are blanks which are allotted with numbers. Below the passage are given words/group of words against these numbers. One of these words fits in the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate option.
Parenting a child is not 1………………. taught anywhere. All learn from their
own experiences. This also depends on how well 2………………… a person is.
For a person it can be a very 3………………. job and the other can leave the
child to grow without proper guidance for becoming a good citizen.Some
parents believe in giving total 4……………….. and insist that a child must not
be checked for anything in 5…………………. years. It may appear true for the
present day generation but it is firmly believed that a child must be taught to
distinguish between right and wrong. There is a dire need of 6…………………
for a child at every step. Children learn most of life skills at an early stage. It is
very easy to 7……………………. children with money and material gifts but a
8……………….. parent one has to draw a line as to which demand of children
is to be met and what is politely and firmly declined. There is no need to
9………………… to the pressure of a child’s demand. Children need to be
made know that there is no free flow of money but money is made available to
them for their all essential requirements only so that they have a fair
judgement of how much and where to spend.Parents who do not teach their
kids the value of money at an early stage and do not limit their spending of
money, invariably 10………………….. such life long damage that children
sometimes ruin their lives by spending beyond their resources.Surplus or
unaccounted money given to children can lead to abuse of money, poor
attention to their studies and falling 11………………… to bad company. This
all happens only when a child is never taught the value for money at right time
and feels no pain in wasting it.That is why it is important to catch children
young. 12…………………….. planning and spending is essential to make the
kids responsible adults who can manage their lives well.
Options & Answers for Exercise 3
1. formally,originally,officially, ceremoniously, strictly.
2. trained, guided, educated, skilled, cultured, accomplished
3. clever, skillful, expert, competent, useful,proficient
4.autonomy,sovereignty,independence, freedom, choice.
5. creative, formative, decisive,influential,determinative.
6. guidance, supervision,direction,regulation, control.
7. maltreat, spoil, pamper, misbehave,nourish.
8. vigilant,careless,overindulgent, prudent,cautious.
9. accept, shoulder, succumb, support,uphold.
10. inflict, effect, impact, shield,cause.
11. reason, cause, victim, influence, prey.
12. Judicious, intelligent, clever ,shrewd, active.
Exercise No. 4.
In the following passage there are blanks which are allotted with numbers. Below the passage are given words/group of words against these numbers. One of these words fits in the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate option.
Operation Flood was 1.............................. with the primary objective of
2.............................rural milk producers with urban milk consumers, by
3.......................viable producer cooperatives in the milk sheds and thus
4..................rural milk producers to earn higher income from milk. The
programme 5.............some 72 lakh members in nearly 61000 village societies
6........................over diverse ecologies in 174 milk sheds. The cooperatives
procure an average of 90 lakh litres of milk a day to 7............................the
ever growing urban demand for fresh milk from the country..
Options & Answers for Exercise 4
1. A)Visualised B)Launched C)created D) devoted
2. A)joining B) linking C)identifying D) bringing
3. A) exposing B) generating C) providing D) creating
4. A) enabling B) offering C) justifying D) activating
5. A) covers B) rotates C) follows D) motivates
6. A) spread B) distributed C) assembled D) situated
7. A) satisfy B) control C) meet D) attend
Exercise No. 5.
In the following passage there are blanks which are allotted with numbers. Below the passage are given words/group of words against these numbers. One of these words fits in the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate option.
Nanotechnology is the 1…………………of ‘miniature’. It is the engineering
of working 2…………………at the molecular level. Due to advancement in
technology area, nanotechnology is the 3…………………......….. field that
interests many people. From the clothes and sunglasses we wear to
computer drives and even cleaning products, nanotechnology which is
4………………………….… by natural world, plays a big part in
manufacturing many familiar products of our daily use. It enhances our
sunscreen’s 5……………………….. to reflect harmful ultra violet radiation,
armours our designer shades against unwanted scratches. It increases the
capacity of our computer gadgets for storage of data and photos for our
use. Nanotechnology, very broad in its size, 6………………… in itself
diverse fields of sciences like surface science, organic chemistry, molecular
biology and semiconductor science etc. Similarly the research and
applications associated to it are also equally 7……………………………… .
Realising its commercial viability, the scientic institutions in India have
started carrying out research and development work in this filed. It is now
fast becoming a powerful technology that aids the development of products
with 8………………………. performance. The two major categories of
nanotechnology are nano-scale technology and molecular manufacturing.
The former covers small structures and can be used for introducing
stronger, better medicines and faster computers and so on. Molecular
manufacturing is an attempt at building mechanical and chemical
manufacturing systems that join molecules together.
Options & Answers for Exercise 5
1. fiction, art, science, project
2. style, systems,
flair, ability
3. impending, forthcoming, upcoming, awaiting
4. transpired, emerged, inspired, revealed
5. capacity, skill, ability, aptitude
6. absorbs, shows, portrays, imbibes
7. useful, diverse, beneficial, indifferent
8. major, futuristic,
trivial, strong
EXERCISE NO. 6
Fill in the blanks in the following Paragraph with words out of given respective options :
It is a well-established
(1…………………..) that some people have
“mathematical mind” while others do not. (2……………), this is
(3………………….) to mathematics; you never hear, for
example, that
someone with a historical mind. It is a general belief (4………………….)
us that if we do not learn something it is because we cannot. In fact
mathematical ideas that are difficult
at an early age are much easier to
(5……………………) a few years later, if we give
them another try.
Another handicap
(followed/shown/ borne) by the math anxious seems to
be a distrust of their own
(6………………………..). An immediate right
formula or give up the problem is the real action on the part of a
mathematician. Mathematicians trust their intuition in solving problems
and
they (7…………………………..) able to function without it.
Another(8………………………..)distinction
between the mathematics
anxious and people who are not good at figures is a
difference in attitude.
So the persons with guessing and estimating (9………………………)
and
having intuitive thinking should be encouraged and rewarded in the class.
This helps in learning word problems, coping with equations and
confronting
theorems and thereby overpowering the mythical
(10…………………..) of mathematics.
Options & Answers for Exercise 6
1. myth/fable/legend
2. Formidably/ Dauntingly/ Interestingly
3. limited/restricted /perpetuated
4. amongst /against/ with
5. derive
/comprehend/deduce
6. sensibility / intuition/Debility
7. cannot be/ would not be /should not be
8. obvious/tangible /glaring
9. perception/ attitude/ outlook
10. lack/fright /shock
EXERCISE NO. 7
Fill in the blanks in the following Paragraph with words out of given respective options :
Global warming caused by global climate change is the
single – most important (1……………………..)humanity is
facing today. It is a far bigger threat to humanity’s(2..........)
than any other. Its ill effects attributed largely to
industrialization, were taken serious note for the first time at
the “Earth Summit” of 1992, held in Rio de Janerio,
Brazil. The participating countries (3………………….) to
undertake measures to reduce the volume of emissions of
greenhouse gases to the level of 1990 by the year 2000. The
Kyoto Protocol of 1997, that became operative in 2005,
(4………………………) the goals set at the Rio Summit and
fixed the target of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases
to the tune of 5.2 percent from the level of 1990, by the year
2012. It adopted the (5………………………)of “common but
differentiated responsibility” according to which the countries
that were prime (6………………………………) for causing
(7…………………………) to the ecology would contribute
more for its mitigation agenda. It was understood that rich
industrialized countries would provide modern technology for
switching over to cleaner sources of energy which was the key
to halting global warming. However success remained
(8…………….) as the volume of greenhouse gases continued
to increase and damage the environment in alarming
proportions. Such emissions haveincreased by about 16
percent from the level of 1990.
The industrialized countries having run away from Kyoto
Protocol and emerging economies like China and India
refused to accept legally binding emission cuts, there started
the search for a new climate agenda. According to this, every
country is to meet emission reduction targets and work out
remedial measures of its own. Member countries have been
called uponto announce Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions which means emission reduction targets are to
be fixed by each member country keeping in view the volume
of emissions and as per its capacity. The member countries,
while pursuing remedial measures, by (9………………….)
are supposed to introduce clean technology by buying
wherever it is available in the market using their own means.
In the new system all the countries seem to have common
responsibility and there is no place for differentiated
responsibility. It is clear that member countries, may be
industrialized or emerging economies, would never permit the
emission–cuts agenda to become a (10……………….) to
industrialization and a burden on their finances.
Options & Answers for Exercise 7
1. hindrance/challenge/deterrent
2. endurance/existence/survival
3 desired/resolved/wanted
4 fixed/determined/reiterated
5 principle/tenet/edicts
6 participants/culprits/observers
7 injury/damage/loss
8 elusive/obscure/vague
9 effects/implications/consequences
10 hindrance/burden/limitation
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